Free chapter · Lesson 2 of 7

Calls and puts, the four positions Options Foundations

A call is the right to buy and a put is the right to sell — and from those two flow the four basic positions every wheel trader needs to know.

Reading time

8 min

Level

Beginner

Lesson

2 of 7

Key terms

2

Linked to the glossary

Lesson film

Watch this lesson as a short film

Two kinds of options, two sides to each — and the exact spot where the wheel sits.

Watch the film free with an account

What you'll learn

  1. Tell calls and puts apart in plain English
  2. Describe what each of the four basic positions obligates you to do
  3. See exactly where the wheel sits: selling puts, then selling calls

There are only two kinds of options, and once you have them straight, everything else clicks into place. A call is the right to buy shares at the strike. A put is the right to sell shares at the strike. That single word — buy or sell — is the whole difference.

Each option has two sides

Every contract has a buyer (who is long) and a seller (who is short). Cross call/put with long/short and you get exactly four basic positions. The buyer always pays the premium and holds a right; the seller always collects the premium and takes on an obligation.

PositionWho pays?What you can be forced to do
Long callYou payNothing — you choose whether to buy
Short callYou collectSell 100 shares at the strike if assigned
Long putYou payNothing — you choose whether to sell
Short putYou collectBuy 100 shares at the strike if assigned
The four basic positions. Notice the seller always collects cash and owes an obligation.

What would you do?

Your call

You'd be happy to own KO at 57.50 — about 4 percent below today's 60 — and you want to be paid while you wait, not pay. Which position matches?

So when you run the wheel on a stock like KO (Coca-Cola), you start by selling a put below the current price. You collect premium for the promise to buy KO at that strike. If the stock dips to your strike, you buy the shares — and then you flip to selling calls above your cost, collecting premium again for the promise to sell. Income on the way in, income on the way out.

Put in order

Put the wheel's moves in order, starting from cash.

  1. Sell a put below the current price — collect premium
  2. Called away: sell the 100 shares at the call strike
  3. Back to cash — sell a new put
  4. Assigned: buy 100 shares at the put strike
  5. Sell a call above your cost — collect premium again
Use the arrows to reorder, then check.

Fig. 1Interactive

Moneyness: ITM / ATM / OTM

A put with the stock at $60. Slide the strike across the spot price.

Spot $60
K
$57.5
$57.5

OTM

Out-of-the-money

Intrinsic value

$0.00

Time value

$1.05

Time (extrinsic) value is the part that melts with theta — that's precisely what a seller harvests. Intrinsic value, by contrast, tracks the stock dollar-for-dollar.

Drag the stock price around and watch how a 57.50 KO put behaves. This is the contract a wheel trader sells first.

Key terms in this lesson

Each term has its own glossary page with a picture and related terms.

CallGlossary entry
An option whose owner can BUY 100 shares at the strike price. Calls gain value when the stock rises.
PutGlossary entry
An option whose owner can SELL 100 shares at the strike price. Puts gain value when the stock falls.

Key takeaways

  • A call is the right to buy; a put is the right to sell.
  • Buyers (long) pay premium and hold a right; sellers (short) collect premium and owe an obligation.
  • The wheel sells puts to get paid to buy low, then sells calls to get paid to sell high.

Checkpoint

Knowledge check

Answer to lock in what you just learned.

  1. Which option gives its owner the right to SELL 100 shares at the strike?

  2. When you SELL a put and are assigned, what happens?

  3. In the wheel strategy, which two positions do you take?

0/3 answered

Keep going

7 more chapters, from your first put to an expert playbook

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Educational content only — not financial advice. Options involve risk of loss and are not suitable for every investor.

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