Free chapter · Lesson 5 of 7

Moneyness, time, and what you're really paid for Options Foundations

Moneyness (ITM/ATM/OTM) and time-to-expiration together explain why one option costs more than another — and what a seller is actually being paid for.

Reading time

8 min

Level

Beginner

Lesson

5 of 7

Key terms

2

Linked to the glossary

Lesson film

Watch this lesson as a short film

Split any premium into what it is worth now and what it is worth in time — the part a seller collects.

Watch the film free with an account

What you'll learn

  1. Classify any put or call as in-, at-, or out-of-the-money
  2. Split a premium into intrinsic and extrinsic (time) value
  3. Explain how moneyness and days-to-expiration drive premium

Moneyness answers a simple question: if this option expired right now, would it be worth anything? The answer depends on where the stock price sits relative to the strike — and it flips between puts and calls. Get this straight and option pricing stops feeling random.

ITM, ATM, OTM — for puts AND calls

TermA CALL is this whenA PUT is this when
In-the-money (ITM)Stock ABOVE strikeStock BELOW strike
At-the-money (ATM)Stock near the strikeStock near the strike
Out-of-the-money (OTM)Stock BELOW strikeStock ABOVE strike
Stock price vs. strike decides moneyness. Notice puts and calls are mirror images.

Wheel sellers usually start by selling OTM puts — strikes below the current price — because the stock has to fall before they are obligated to buy. After assignment, they sell OTM calls — strikes above their cost — for the same reason.

What would you do?

Your call

KO trades at 60. You want to open the wheel the way sellers usually do — with a put. Which strike do you sell?

Intrinsic vs. extrinsic value

Fig. 1Interactive

Moneyness: ITM / ATM / OTM

A put with the stock at $408. Slide the strike across the spot price.

Spot $408
K
$410
$410

ATM

At-the-money

Intrinsic value

$2.00

Time value

$4.00

Time (extrinsic) value is the part that melts with theta — that's precisely what a seller harvests. Intrinsic value, by contrast, tracks the stock dollar-for-dollar.

Slide MSFT's price up and down and watch intrinsic and extrinsic value separate on this 410-strike put. OTM options are 100 percent time value.

Make a guess

AAPL trades at 187. A 190-strike put is priced at 5.40. How much of that premium is extrinsic (time) value?

Your guess$4.80
$0.00$6.00

DTE: the clock matters too

DTE stands for days to expiration. More days left means more time value, so options further out cost more. A 45-day put collects more premium than a 7-day put at the same strike — but the 7-day option decays faster per day. Wheel traders often live in the 30-to-45-day window as a balance between premium collected and how fast it decays.

Put in order

Same stock, same strike. Order these puts from the smallest premium to the largest.

  1. 45 days to expiration
  2. 21 days to expiration
  3. 7 days to expiration
  4. 90 days to expiration
Use the arrows to reorder, then check.

Key terms in this lesson

Each term has its own glossary page with a picture and related terms.

Intrinsic valueGlossary entry
The real, here-and-now value if the option expired this instant. Only ITM options have intrinsic value.
Extrinsic (time) valueGlossary entry
Everything above intrinsic value — the price of the time and uncertainty left before expiration. This is the part that decays away.

Key takeaways

  • Moneyness is mirror-imaged: a call is ITM above the strike, a put is ITM below it.
  • Premium = intrinsic value + extrinsic (time) value; only ITM options have intrinsic value.
  • More DTE means more time value, but it decays slower per day; OTM options are pure time value, which is why sellers favor them.

Checkpoint

Knowledge check

Answer to lock in what you just learned.

  1. MSFT trades at 408. A 400-strike PUT is…

  2. An OTM option's premium is made up of…

  3. What does DTE stand for, and how does more of it affect premium?

0/3 answered

Keep going

7 more chapters, from your first put to an expert playbook

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Educational content only — not financial advice. Options involve risk of loss and are not suitable for every investor.

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